Original description:
- Boulenger, George Albert. 1899. "Matériaux pour la faune du Congo. Poissons nouveaux du Congo. Cinquième Partie. Cyprins, Silures, Cyprinodontes, Acanthoptérygiens". Annales du Musée du Congo Belge. Zoologique 1:122 (crc00130)
Type species: Steatocranus gibbiceps Boulenger, 1899 (monotypy).
Described species included (10):
valid: 9 synonym: 1- Steatocranus gibbiceps Boulenger, 1899 (valid)
- Leptotilapia rouxi Pellegrin, 1928 (valid)
- Steatocranus elongatus Nichols & La Monte, 1934 (synonym)
- Gobiochromis tinanti Poll, 1939 (valid)
- Steatocranus casuarius Poll, 1939 (valid)
- Steatocranus mpozoensis Roberts & Stewart, 1976 (valid)
- Steatocranus glaber Roberts & Stewart, 1976 (valid)
- Steatocranus ubanguiensis Roberts & Stewart, 1976 (valid)
- Steatocranus bleheri Meyer, 1993 (valid)
- Steatocranus masalamasoso Zamba, Weiss, Mamonekene, Schliewen & Vreven, 2022 (valid)
Potentially undescribed species (6):
- sp. 'dwarf' (undescribed)
- sp. 'red eye' (undescribed)
- sp. 'square head' (undescribed)
- sp. 'ultraslender' (undescribed)
- sp. 'nki' (undescribed)
- sp. 'bulky head' (undescribed)