Liste des genres

Australoheros

Australoheros facetus
facetus

Australoheros macacuensis
macacuensis

Australoheros montanus
montanus

Australoheros scitulus
scitulus

Australoheros sp. 'local'
sp. 'local'

Australoheros sp. 'potrero'
sp. 'potrero'

Australoheros sp. 'red ceibal'
sp. 'red ceibal'

Australoheros sp. 'tropa vieja'
sp. 'tropa vieja'

Australoheros sp. 'unidentified'
sp. 'unidentified'

Australoheros ykeregua
ykeregua

   Non encore illustré

acaroides

angiru

autochthon

autrani

barbosae

capixaba

charrua

forquilha

guarani

ipatinguensis

kaaygua

macaensis

mattosi

minuano

muriae

paraibae

perdi

ribeirae

robustus

saquarema

taura

tavaresi

tembe

The Cichlid Room Companion

Sous-famille
Cichlinae

Tribu
Heroini

Genre
Australoheros

Statut
valide


Rédacteur
Willem Heijns

Publié
24-aoû-2012

Dernière mise à jour le :
24-aoû-2012

Juvénile de la Laguna del Diario Juvénile Australoheros facetus de 5.5 cm récemment collecté dans la Laguna del Diario, système des lagunes de Maldonado [Uruguay]. Cette localité est avec quasi-certitude la localité type pour cette espèce, où Charles Darwin a collecté les spécimens utilisés pour la description.Photo de Pablo Calviño.

Australoheros facetus Jenyns, 1842

" Argueably the very first cichlid to be kept in aquaria (at least in Europe) "
Australoheros facetus adulte en aquarium
Australoheros facetus jeune adulte collecté au sud ouest de l'Uruguay, dans divers réseaux hydrographiques environ 16 km au nord de la ville de Colonia Del Sacramento
Australoheros facetus femelle sauvage des chutes d'eau de l'Arroyo Tirica, Arroyo Urugua-i; Misiones [Argentine] avec des alevins dans l'aquarium de Sebastiaan Wassenaar, Pays-Bas
Australoheros facetus adulte récemment collecté dans la Laguna del Diario, système des lagunes de Maldonado [Uruguay]. Cette localité est avec quasi-certitude la localité type pour cette espèce, où Charles Darwin a collecté les spécimens utilisés pour la description de cette espèce. Ce spécimen mesure 10 cm
Australoheros facetus mâle sauvage des chutes d'eau de l'Arroyo Tirica, Arroyo Urugua-i; Misiones [Argentine] en robe de reproduction dans l'aquarium de Sebastiaan Wassenaar, Pays-Bas

Décrit initialement sous Chromis facetus:

Synonymes:

Historique de la taxinomie:

Groupements:

Étymologie: facetus: charming, beautiful (Latin). Reverend Jenyns must have had a peculiar taste.

Types: Australoheros facetus was described from the specimen collected by Charles Darwin on his famous trip with the Beagle (1832-1838). It is now in the Museum of the Cambridge University [England] stored with the registration Darwin no. 660, and was pictured for the first time by Heijns (2012).

Diagnose: Australoheros facetus is one of only three prognathous species (i.e. lower jaw longer than upper and mouth pointing upwards) in the genus (Australoheros acaroides and Australoheros tavaresi being the other two). It also has the shortest dorsal scale cover of all Australoheros species and the least scaled dorsal and anal fins among Australoheros (together with Australoheros tembe). Australoheros facetus is the only species of Australoheros with four abdominal bars, which are present in more than 80% of individuals as compared to 50% or less in all other species (Rican & Kullander, 2008).

Taille: This is a cichlid of moderate size (15-20 cm), although aquarium specimens have been recorded of over 30 cm in length.

Dimorphisme sexuel: There are no visual sex differences. Males tend to grow a little bit larger than females.

Nom commun: Chanchito (native, Español).

Localité type: Lake in Maldonado, Uruguay. Laguna del Diario (34° 54´ S, 55° 00´ W) (Calviño, 2007).

Distribution: After the recent species explosion Australoheros facetus is now the most southerly occurring species of the genus. It can be found in the middle and lower parts of the Río Paraná (and the lower parts of the Río Paraguay) as well as in the coastal rivers of southern Uruguay. Recently it has been reported from coastal rivers in Argentina, some 200 km south of the Río de la Plata (Bruno et al. 2011).

There have been reports of this species occurring in Portugal, although Kullander seems to think the fish found there do not belong to Australoheros facetus. This habitat is therefore questionable.

Répartition par pays: Argentine (native), Portugal (exotic), Uruguay (native).

Biotope: This species can be found in rivers with slow to moderate current and also in pools and coastal lagoons. Darwin's fish came form "a freshwater lake, sometimes said to be a little brackish".

Several localities in Uruguay have water with a pH of 7.3 - 8.3 and a conductivity of 80-270 µS/cm. The temperature varied between 24°C and 30°C (in late summer), but it is not certain whether these locations are part of the Australoheros facetus range.

Localités: La Salamanca (Uruguay, native), Laguna del Diario (Uruguay, native).

Alimentation: So far there have been no specific field studies on Australoheros facetus. This is mainly due to the fact that the range of Australoheros facetus has been restricted by the description of many new species and the field information (if available at all) most probably applies to other Australoheros species.

Reproduction: Breeding season seems to start in December, when the water temperature is high. When courting, the body turns a bronze to greenish yellow background marked by a series of irregular black vertical bars, the edge of the dorsal and caudal fins turning red (Axelrod & Burgess, 1973). Bigger fish can produce large spawns (up to 1,000 eggs). It is an open substrate spawner, where both parents take part in parental care.

Maintenance: Australoheros facetus has a very long aquaristic history. In fact it may be the very first cichlid ever kept in (European) aquaria. Live specimens were imported into Paris (France) as early as 1889, followed by an import into Berlin (Germany) in 1894, where it was successfully bred the same year (Meinken et al. 1927). The Chanchito was the first cichlid to have been bred in captivity (Axelrod & Burgess, 1973).

Keeping and breeding Australoheros facetus is very easy. As a typical heroine cichlid it needs ample space (aquarium length at least 150 cm, depending on the other fish one wants to keep with it). Aggression is mainly directed towards conspecifics. Provide plenty of shelter, using rocks and driftwood. Plants will be uprooted eventually. Feeding them is not a problem, they eat many types of food including insects, worms, tadpoles etc. (Axelrod & Burgess, 1973). Supplements of vegetable matter such as spinach, lettuce, algae and oatmeal are recommended by the same authors.

Australoheros facetus reaches sexual maturity at a size of about 7 cm. They are not picky when it comes to spawning sites/substrates. Keep in mind however that these are aggressive cichlids and if a male is much larger than a female and she can not escape his attention she could be killed, as males court female aggressively. Courting includes fin spreading and fin wagging in a colorful display. In aquarium they could spawn virtually anywhere. eggs are adhesive, and are placed while the pair exhibits some tremors along the body.

After spawning, the female tends to the eggs and larvae, while the male patrols the borders of the territory. Any material on the eggs is removed by the female. Hatching occurs eight to nine days after spawning depending on water temperature (Axelrod & Burgess, 1973), wrigglers are then relocated to a depression on the substrate where they remain until their attached yolk sac is absorbed and they become free swimming. Once the fry are free-swimming, both parents participate in their defense. The fry will immediately take the usual food (i.e. Artemia nauplii) and are easy to raise. Fry will remain close to their parents until they start to leave. If there are crevices in the aquarium and not heavy predatory pressure by other fish, some may survive to adulthood. Otherwise, some fry can be siphoned out from the aquarium to raise separately.

Temperature is best kept between 20-25°C, as Australoheros facetus is practically a subtropical species. It can even be kept in outdoor ponds in (European) summers.

Conservation: Australoheros facetus n'est pas évalué par l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature dans la Liste rouge des espèces menacées

Commentaires: Although it is not the most colorful cichlid, Australoheros facetus has an interesting behaviour, that is well worth studying. Some breeding reports have it that Australoheros facetus does not keep its larvae in a pit, but hangs them on the leaves of plants like some Central American cichlids (Herotilapia multispinosa) do.

Références:

Citation:

Heijns, Willem. (août 24, 2012). "Australoheros facetus Jenyns, 1842". The Cichlid Room Companion. Consulté le mai 18, 2013, de: http://www.cichlidae.com/gallery/species.php?id=282&content=profile&lang=fr.


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